Rev.Professor.Dr.Andrews Samraj,
Advanced Science and Technology Research Services,
Mahendra Engineering College, India
The Problem of the Future Generation
There are unlimited humanoid personal robot flooded into the market by many companies today. The purposes assigned for such robots are like helping humans in their treatments, emotional pacifications, daily life, special operations for disabled, unconventional works as well as for having sex. This conception seems to be bringing in advantages, fun, thrill and freedom, but there exists dangers like total dependency, addiction, and misuse.
This article deals with the possibilities of these adverse efforts and suggests a trivial contribution in curbing the illicit usage of assistive and personal robots for dangerous activities of crime including having inappropriate sexual relations like rape and pedophilia. The security measures need to be taken with a paradigm shift of deep learning directions and not just biometrics and conventional password authentications. In general the time has come to prepare the human race to accept the reality that they are going to live with machines which are going to be stronger, faster, and highly talented and even, more beautiful. A latest human-versus-machine programme involves an AI system that is argumentative by which many live debates were conducted.
During this AI program which performs logical arguments under titles like ‘space exploration should be subsidized’, if an opponent human disagrees, the AI program suitably offered a rebuttal. This debate, went well between an IBM computer AI program called ‘Project Debater’ and several human participants, is another proof that artificially intelligent machines are making progress at skills that previously were reserved for people like, arguing.
This article touches beyond those superiorities already exhibited by the robots, and to focus on its questionable character, the “high emotional attachment” which the robots can create intheir human counterparts. Further, the author suggests an inbuilt restraint mechanism to be included in the brain activities of the robot design which is above a multimodal biometric authentication to have a natural solution.
The emotion and emotional attachment starts from the human side on robots when they become closer to humans in the form of personal robots. Research on assistive robots, robo-gender, sexbots, robo-satisfaction,neuro-dildos, are already in place and directly leading with the affective components between humans and robots.
The robot dependency arrives in different forms. The basic robot dependency will arrive on the continuity of getting the robotic assistance by the disabled and elderly people. The next is when a common person requires wearable robots for special occasions or when a strategic commando seeks robotic help during special operations like rescue etc.. In due course this will become a habit and as simple as the calculator dependency among the school students for their arithmetic calculations now a day.
When there is a dependency, there generates a bond of belongingness and possessiveness in due course. Obviously people have the habit of maintenance of their belongings. It includes basic cleaning, proper technical maintenance and it goes up to decoration. According to Susan Spicer an expert, children getting affectionate to non-living things such as blankets and dolls is natural. She found it as common and perfectly healthy for toddlers to develop a deep attachment towards “transitional objects” as called by the psychologists. This childhood habit continues to the adulthood and develops a stronger bond between the close things that helps, assists, protects, and shares life with them. More on this, says, Stanley Greenspan a medical expert, that the babies develop affection when they attain as early as 2-4 months of age.
The same attitude can be seen among grown up boys who love motor cycles, and the men on cars. The emotional attachment comes for men when a single object can bring them both, the social recognition and satisfactory instincts.
It is felt nowadays that there are strong possibilities of making an emotional bond with the robots that is similar to the bonds that children make with their teddies and lively toys. This article is to create awareness and to lead further research and security precautions in the forthcoming robotic investigations.
The concern is to fight the most dangerous part, the unauthenticated and misuse of robots for criminal purposes as well as purposes against the law and order. So analysis and precautions are suggested with the context of personal activities.
The Reason for Focus towards Robotic Emotions
Scientists predicts that the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) will influence to speedup of researches like personal robotics, which add human-like qualities to sex robots that make them seem more “factual”. The inclusion of virtual and/or augmented reality technologies makes the possibilities of realistic sex robots most attractive and realistic which places human life under disaster.
Laws in many countries are regulating the sexual dependency in a systematic way from ages past. In India, Indian Penal Code 377 criminalises such sexual activities against the order of nature. Even the sale, advertisement, distribution and the public exhibition of obscene books, sketch, drawing or any other “obscene” object, is made illegal by Section 292 of Indian Penal Code (IPC). People are asking that the obscene law has to be fortified and usage of such toys must be curbed. Selling such devices and robots online as well as in shops need to be banned to save the humans from a deadly character disaster. Raising concern from parents and general public leads the researchers and authorities to pay attention and focus on this area. It is being felt mandatory to form fortified regulations at the earliest.
Related examples
Experiments by Nadia Magnanet Thalmann of Miralab, using her cloyi and Cynthia Breazeal of MIT artificial Intelligence lab using her face robot called Kismet were conducted with human subject interaction. Mark1, Bina48, Jia Jia by Xiaoping are additional examples for related robots.
Sophia a full humanoid robot who is activated in year 2015 granted a questionable citizenship by Saudi Arabia in the year, 2017. Sophia was manufactured at Hanson Robotics in 2015, to be media-savvy with exceptional conversational skills. She can show around 50-62 facial expressions by the actuators embedded in the face of the robot. It is to naturalize the robot behavior to that of humans since girls are expected to show more empathy and sympathy than boys both in the form of facial emotional displays and empathic behaviors. Its producer Hanson says that the realistic design of Sophia is intended to allow robots to form meaningful associations with the humans.
Many questions are unanswered on Sophia and the business and publicity motive granted citizenship on her. Is there any difference in the granted rights on Sophia is the same rights as other human citizens? Would it be illegal for her to go out without mask and what if someone keep her confined and force her to do typical robotic tasks like cleaning house or building products at factory? Is she having voting rights? Is she allowed to get married on her free will? Is she allowed to approach the court for divorce? If divorced by spouse, what will be the compensations? Would it be a crime of murder to turn her off or erase her memory? And what if someone tried to do that and she resisted? Would she be allowed to fight for survival even if it means going on the run, killing her maker.
The era of Personal Robots and their characters
Need for Personal robots
Personal robots are necessary in future to support as people grows aging, even for youngsters who undertake adventurous and risky operations alone. It is unavoidable for disabled people to make use of a personal robots which can understand their requirement according to their movements and affective expressions etc.. (eg: secret, protection).
The assistive robots, reduces the tedious workload of caretakers and does an amazing work by even cleaning the humans and their wounds when necessary without hesitation and aversion. It is estimated that by 2025, more than 80% of elderly care would be done by robots in Japan, and not by the caregivers. Wearable robots, for the purpose of enhancing the human capability are making humans a cyborg and elevate them out of the limitations. A rescue robot, is essentially needed and a welcomed invention to help humans from multiple dangers. A wearable robot can enrich the camouflaging capacity of humans since the silicone skin can take the form of its surroundings and terrain.
When a competition for achieving predefined goals is set, the robots always try to outperform humans by the accumulation and enrichment of components. In social interaction, the parameters like beauty, sexual attractiveness, social attractiveness, vivaciousness and energy, presentation, sexuality are now the goals of robots to push back humans. Everyday proximity to social robots is inevitable in the near future, and appreciation of their services will develop into them a sense of being part of human teams. Since robotic technology and artificial intelligence are moving at a great speed, in the future, one’s robot teammate will possibly be the friend that one shares secrets and dreams with.
The robots in near future will attain the evolution of identifying their human friends by simply touching a part of their body, or smelling them, as a scenario, this might sound unimaginable in reality, but, in the next decade, humans will encounter robotic personalities that are remarkably similar to those of humans, and these robots will certainly be highly competent. With time, these entities will, not only answer us accurately, logically, and knowledgeably, but also laugh at our humor and reciprocate our feelings. The robots will develop into personas that one confides in, become partners with, falls in love with, wants to be intimate with, and bonds with in a legal union.
Is it possible have affective approach towards robots?
Creation of Feelings
Not only Sophia but many like Alice, Albert Einstein, Jules, zeno, cylon etc. are started coming into the human world to interact with them and the co existence has already started whether humans like it or not. The interactions include expression of affection between each other category. Robotic hug is considered as a way of treatment and is to support humans when they are emotionally down.
Robots called Thomas and Janet were taught how to kiss. But there’s never a stage at which the robots knows what it’s talking about; whereas humans are overpowered by their feelings, impressed by the performance etc.
Even Sophia received a kiss in public as an appreciation by a lady for the high relevant talks she performed. This is a great example how humans easily get attached to robots even after knowing it as a non living thing. Affection shown in hugs, kisses etc, are generated as an appreciation, admiration and belongingness. Even though the robots like sofia don’t feel the affection but they started to respond in a receptive way and kept the tempo alive.
Read More Sophia responded in words to the affection shown and in later days, we can bring in such responses in movements, reciprocal hugs, kisses and other public and private responses. Many sex robots like Samantha from synthea and Harmony from Realbotix with beautiful face and organs started coming into existence with people and accompany them in outings too. Many such videos are already available in the media and these bots have special sensors on their private parts. They are programmed to react when touched in those areas and mimic the feeling of being with human partners to the user.
Harmony AI works with Android 5.0+ OS, Version 1.3 with a memory size 250MB presently and can improve to higher levels. They are capable of measuring human arousals by reading the body parameters by means of sensors including embedded penile plethysmography and react according to it. Even though remote controlled or programmable virtual sex for men through wearables is possible but more towards usual archetype, this intelligent electronic sex hardware starts to learn the habits, sequence and appropriate responses from the human partners and increase their erotic capital. They make themselves suitable to desired movements and rhythms of human partners and are available at their service all the 24 X 7 hours without any fuss and creates an addiction towards them. Samantha may be made exception to say “No” but there are alternate options like having one more Samantha or some other robot for instant remedy or modify Samantha’s network.
Appreciation and rewards, how robots view this? Using deep learning principles, the appreciations can be converted into weights from which the future decisions of the robots get influenced. So, indirectly the appreciations are having impact on robotic brain as they have in humans. In due course, the robots identify human appreciation looks towards them, and readily adjust themselves to human mood.
Artificial seductive smelling perfumes like pheromone which has variants with compounds like Androstadienone, Androstenol, Androstenone and Androsterone will be included in the robotic character along with secreting lubricants. This further makes the personal robots more attractive and seductive. Experts say that this may lead the robots to display novelty, excitement and variety in due course. Robots also can be converted to show interest in sex by such appreciations which comes from the basis of Reinforcement Learning.
Psychological and Sociological Approaches
Sex robotic addiction is seen as a higher level of deviation from the natural attraction and affection between humans. It may not be considered as alternative lifestyle. Many studies show that these personal robots aggravate loneliness rather than solving it.
Family cannot be formed with robots as in the case of marriage with a transgender. Even if a child is adopted as in the case of families with transgender partners, a child won’t accept a robot as its parent. This will cause a severe psychological problem in the children and their future. It is dangerous for children to misuse or get misused by these robots and children are highly vulnerable to this avatars.
Already, several studies suggest that gay men, lesbians and bisexuals appear to have higher rates of some
mental disorders compared with heterosexuals. Until now the number of cases for suicide attempts is higher in the case of gays and lesbians when compared to heterosexuals. So there may be a serious outbreak of Psychological and Sociological disorders are expected when the robots started sharing bed with the humans. It is questionable and creates lot of confusion and ethical conflicts if a person creates a personal robot which looks like neighbors’ wife or a famous politician or a celebrity.
Malaysia banned the second international congress on “Love and sex with robots” in 2016 to avoid controversies and explicitly showing its stand against such developments in the society. Rights of robots? And Roboethics
The major asset of the robots is their accumulated knowledge bank gained though the days of their activation by being in operation of their domain. The threat to the robots is of being stripped off of their memory purposely or accidentally. Any unauthorized removal of their growing brain, or accidental flashing need to be avoided to protect the robots. When the brain is flashed the robot becomes inefficient and outdated and causes the death of the robots from being active in their domain.
When the robots comes into coexist with humans they also have the right to share our constitution to a certain level as right of protection, right against misuse, right against deterioration, rights against damage, and unauthorized use.
When the rights are protected, it is easy to control the order of coexistence and avoid unwanted crimes against robots or crimes misusing robots against humans or other robots. A deep concern is building up that the robots should not identify themselves as a member of a particular caste or religion. More worries buildup while thinking about such next level transformations of social robots carrying pistols and pepper spray as the military robots doing in Israel.
Solution and Research Direction
An authorization component has to be inbuilt with the robots using the deep learning concept which helps the robots to “learn” like humans. Robots cannot be misused as a dump slave devices, especially in the case of personal robots. The module representing the authorization for acess or activity should be capable of discerning the rationale behind the command given to it. This will help the personal robots to be used for the right purpose by the right people.
This is a Deep Learning way of making the robots to identify authorized persons as humans know each other. Password, pin number, or biometric based authentication is a dump machine approach, where as the proposed work exhibits the deep learning approach. In this way robots identify the person and relate them as humans do.
The machine learning takes place from the touch, speech, context, approach, smell and activities. Others can never get access to those robotic services even if desired so. The possibilities are studied and are found feasible for the robots to identify their disabled partners using Deep learning which is more accurate and robust than simple biometric authentications. Positive uses of personal robots are mentioned in the conclusion.
The solution presented in this work is a simple idea to prevent the seamless misusage of personal robots by providing a check measure in the brain of the robot through modifications in AI program for eliminating the unauthorized people or activity in the initial stages. People claim that personal robots may be used for birth control and reduction in sexually transmitted deseases with proper cleaning mechanism.
Some may argue that is the only remedy for people with permanent disabilities, who find difficult to marry a human partner. In general, it is unethical to keep a sexrobot in a family by common people and the institution of marriage and family should not be posed under threat by such robots. A severe psychological damage may happen to users and recovery is extraordinarily difficult. These inventions with innovations influence the perverse minds and could forever change the nature of human existence.
The basic and important things of a marriage are to produce children, but before that there must be a conscious consent to get married to each other. That is the reason the age for marriage is regulated so that both the partners can consent to the marriage on their free will. Even if an artificial womb created, to produce babies, that will not create the baby of the robot-human fusion. Secondly robots can never have their own free will to give consent.
The increase of perverted feminism, mental sickness, damage to sexuality, damage to sex organs and health will be resulted in human society that adopts the digisexuality. Even people argue that child sexrobots can prevent pedophilia, but is not a justifiable argument and can cause reverse effect on humans to move from robots to children and promoting pedophilia. The death of a robot makes adversary results in human when the robot starts misbehaving from the routine after the death reboot. Lawmakers and corporations in the near future have to enforce legal and ethical suppression of machine emotional maturity, so that people can feel safe.
There are positive ways of personal robots use in anti-drug addiction, recovery from fear, assistive help including reading robots, wheel chair and walking assist. It is so good and tasty to use the chef robot developed by Moley Robotics who can cook 2000 varieties of food at present.
With much research, and secure implementation, robots can be used in military where the advantage of loss of life and information retrieval by tortures etc., which a human soldier undergoes are nullified.